Journal: Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics

Article Title: Investigating the binding affinity, interaction, and structure-activity-relationship of 76 prescription antiviral drugs targeting RdRp and Mpro of SARS-CoV-2

doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796804

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCA analysis of RdRp and Mpro. (A) RdRp PCA model: The scores plot presented four data clusters in different colors, where each dot represented one time point. The clustering is attributable to: apo-RdRp (yellow), Raltegravir-RdRp complex (cyan), Remdesivir-RdRp complex (orange), Simeprevir-RdRp complex (green). (B) Mpro PCA model: The scores plot presented four data clusters in different colors, where each dot represented one time point. The clustering is attributable to: apo-Mpro (cyan), Raltegravir-Mpro complex (yellow), Remdesivir-Mpro complex (orange), Simeprevir-Mpro complex (green).

Article Snippet: In each PCA model, four training sets (Raltegravir-Protein, Remdesivir-Protein, Simeprevir-Protein complexes, and apo-protein structure) are included in the model to understand the structural change of protein during MD simulation.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin

doi: 10.3390/ijms232113003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional effects after somatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CORT) treatment in prostate cells. ( A ) Proliferation rate of normal prostate (RWPE-1) and prostate cancer (PCa) cells [androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (AI; 22Rv1 and PC-3)] in response to SST and CORT treatment (after 24, 48 and 72 h). ( B ) Colonies formation in response to SST and CORT treatment in AI-PCa cells. ( C ) Migration rate of PC-3 cells after 16 h of SST and CORT treatment. Data were represented as percent of vehicle-treated cells (set at 100%). Asterisks (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001) indicate statistically significant differences between groups.

Article Snippet: The normal-like prostate cell line RWPE-1, the Androgen-Dependent (AD) PCa cell model LNCaP, and the two Androgen-Independent (AI) PCa cell models 22Rv1 and PC-3 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), and maintained according to manufacturer instructions as previously described [ , , ].

Techniques: Functional Assay, Migration

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin

doi: 10.3390/ijms232113003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profile of somatostatin-system [receptors (SSTRs), and ligands (somatostatin-SST and cortistatin-CORT)] in androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer (PCa) cells and fresh prostate tissue ( n = 69; cohort-1). ( A ) Expression of SSTRs in 22Rv1 and PC-3 AI-PCa cells. ( B ) Expression of SSTRs in PCa fresh samples. ( C ) Expression of SST and CORT in AI-PCa cells. Data represent the mean of mRNA copy number ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM). mRNA levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and adjusted by normalization factor (NF).

Article Snippet: The normal-like prostate cell line RWPE-1, the Androgen-Dependent (AD) PCa cell model LNCaP, and the two Androgen-Independent (AI) PCa cell models 22Rv1 and PC-3 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), and maintained according to manufacturer instructions as previously described [ , , ].

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin

doi: 10.3390/ijms232113003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional and pharmacological consequences of cortistatin (CORT)-silencing in androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer (PCa) cells. ( A ) Validation of CORT-silencing in 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells. ( B ) Proliferation rate in response to CORT-silencing in AI-PCa cells. Data were represented as percent of scrambled cells (set at 100%). ( C ) Phosphorylation levels of protein belonging to different oncogenic signaling pathways (AKT, JNK) in response to CORT-silencing in AI-PCa cells. ( D ) Expression of proliferation/cell-cycle and somatostatin receptors genes in response to CORT-silencing in AI-PCa cells. Data were represented as percent of scrambled cells (set at 100%). ( E ) Proliferation rate of scrambled AI-PCa cells or CORT-silenced AI-PCa in response to octreotide and pasireotide. Data were represented as the percent of vehicle-treated cells (set at 100%). Asterisks (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001) indicate statistically significant differences between groups. SC: Scramble. SiCORT: small interference RNA CORT.

Article Snippet: The normal-like prostate cell line RWPE-1, the Androgen-Dependent (AD) PCa cell model LNCaP, and the two Androgen-Independent (AI) PCa cell models 22Rv1 and PC-3 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), and maintained according to manufacturer instructions as previously described [ , , ].

Techniques: Functional Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Phospho-proteomics, Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing